last updated by Pluto on 2026-02-16 08:43:11 UTC on behalf of the NeuroFedora SIG.
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Space's microgravity appears to shift the location of the brains of astronauts—without a clear effect on their health
in Scientific American on 2026-02-15 12:00:00 UTC.
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Experts gave AI 10 math problems to solve in a week. OpenAI, researchers and amateurs all gave it their best shot
in Scientific American on 2026-02-14 16:00:00 UTC.
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A large survey of U.S. singles reveals the different ways people experience passionate romantic love
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Axolotls can completely rebuild their thymus, a key immune organ
in Scientific American on 2026-02-14 12:00:00 UTC.
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Roses are red—but their ancestors looked rather different
in Scientific American on 2026-02-14 11:00:00 UTC.
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If your week flew by — we know ours did — catch up here with what you might have missed.
The week at Retraction Watch featured:
In case you missed the news, the Hijacked Journal Checker now has more than 400 entries. The Retraction Watch Database has over 63,000 retractions. Our list of COVID-19 retractions is up over 640, and our mass resignations list has 50 entries. We keep tabs on all this and more. If you value this work, please consider showing your support with a tax-deductible donation. Every dollar counts.
Here’s what was happening elsewhere (some of these items may be paywalled, metered access, or require free registration to read):
Like Retraction Watch? You can make a tax-deductible contribution to support our work, follow us on X or Bluesky, like us on Facebook, follow us on LinkedIn, add us to your RSS reader, or subscribe to our daily digest. If you find a retraction that’s not in our database, you can let us know here. For comments or feedback, email us at team@retractionwatch.com.
in Retraction watch on 2026-02-14 11:00:00 UTC.
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Scientific American’s staff recommends eight books that are as full of science as they are of love
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 22:15:00 UTC.
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These amorous creatures could put Casanova to shame—from beguiling dancing seahorses to peacocking spiders
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 20:50:00 UTC.
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It’s no surprise that eating fruits and vegetables is good for you, but diets that are rich in these foods could boost longevity, too, according to a new study
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 19:00:00 UTC.
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Sources say an Army antidrone laser near Fort Bliss prompted a brief FAA airspace closure—spotlighting the hazards of battlefield technology in civilian skies
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 17:40:00 UTC.
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After a year of RFK, Jr., heading the Department of Health and Human Services, the “Make America Healthy Again” movement has upended science and medicine
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 13:00:00 UTC.
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Researchers used a browser extension to reorder people’s X feeds, reducing their polarizing effect
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 11:45:00 UTC.
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The collision of supermassive black holes shakes the entire cosmos, hard
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 11:45:00 UTC.
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Four astronauts are on their way to this orbital space station. Docking is expected on Saturday
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 11:40:00 UTC.
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The Bronx Zoo is celebrating 15 years of its extremely popular Valentine’s Day “Name a Roach” program
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 11:30:00 UTC.
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Why the simple act of kissing—which can be traced back 21.5 million years—continues to confound evolutionary biologists
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 11:00:00 UTC.
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Avian enthusiasts around the world will identify and count birds from February 13 through February 16 as part of a massive community science project
in Scientific American on 2026-02-13 11:00:00 UTC.
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in For Better Science on 2026-02-13 06:00:00 UTC.
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LLMs have recently helped find solutions to a number of minor longstanding problems. But a new plan called First Proof is really putting them to the test
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 21:56:00 UTC.
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A journal is implementing tighter controls for guest editors and peer reviewers after an investigation led to the retraction of more than 160 articles.
As we reported last month, the American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) International started an investigation into its Journal of Testing and Evaluation after an ASTM vendor noticed some “irregular patterns in the peer review” of a special issue. The investigation revealed the peer review process in four special sections or issues had been compromised, resulting in the retraction of 147 articles.
The journal has since pulled 19 more papers, this time from a special section on human-centered artificial intelligence published in 2021.
In response to the findings, ASTM has implemented a series of safeguards, including enhanced vetting and oversight of guest editors, tighter controls for peer reviewers, expanded use of technology-assisted screening tools to detect irregular review patterns and ongoing monitoring of editorial workflows, according to a Jan. 30 statement from the publisher.
“ASTM recognizes that the integrity of peer review is essential to scholarly communication,” the statement reads. “Retractions are never taken lightly, but they are necessary to maintain a reliable scientific record. ASTM remains committed to prevention, accountability, and continued transparency.”
Spokesperson Gavin O’Reilly confirmed the group of 19 retractions is the last batch associated with the investigation.
The journal joins 60 others with at least 165 retractions, according to our count.
The mass retraction includes 48 papers in its “Special Issue on Testing and Evaluation of Internet of Things for Smart City” and another 43 articles in the “Special Issue on Advanced Internet of Things for Smart City (Part 2).” The publisher retracted two more batches from a special issue on the future of cognitive computing in healthcare, and a special section on advanced intelligence in information science and communication systems. Guest editors oversaw all of the issues and sections facing retractions.
The journal typically publishes 200 to 300 articles per year, by our count. The retracted papers represented 6 to 25 percent of the articles published in a given year.
| Year | Total articles published | Number recently retracted | % of total |
| 2019 | 279 | 25 | 9% |
| 2021 | 289 | 19 | 6.5% |
| 2023 | 304 | 79 | 25% |
| 2024 | 192 | 43 | 22% |
Ranganathan Mohanasundaram of Vellore Institute of Technology University in India was the guest editor of the newly retracted special section on human-centered artificial intelligence. Mohanasundaram did not return a message seeking comment. An “R. Mohanasundaram” with the same affiliation had two 2019 papers retracted as part of a mass retraction of more than 300 papers by the International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education because of submission and/or peer review manipulation.
Vellore Institute of Technology University is a frequently listed affiliation among the retracted batches, showing up at least 24 times.
Among the latest batch of retractions, at least three authors had more than one paper retracted. C. Subramani of SRM Institute of Science and Technology in India was an author on two of the papers. Subramani was part of the mass retraction by the International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education with three papers retracted. Subramani did not return a message seeking comment.
V.G. Pratheep of Kongu Engineering College in India is an author on two papers. Pratheep had a 2022 paper in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering retracted as part of the mass retraction of nearly 12,000 articles by Hindawi to address an infiltration by paper mills of its special issues. Pratheep did not return a message seeking comment.
E.B. Priyanka with Kongu Engineering College in India is also an author on two of the papers. Priyanka told us she does not agree with the retractions. The papers were processed in an “ethical way” and peer review was proper and appropriately conducted, she told us by email.
The mass retractions are among a growing pattern of peer review abuse within special sections.
In 2024, a Springer Nature journal retracted 34 papers from special issues for “compromised editorial handling and peer review process.” Later that year, Annals of Operations Research retracted an entire special issue over concerns about compromised peer review. In 2023, Hindawi temporarily suspended publishing special issues because of “compromised articles.”
Like Retraction Watch? You can make a tax-deductible contribution to support our work, follow us on X or Bluesky, like us on Facebook, follow us on LinkedIn, add us to your RSS reader, or subscribe to our daily digest. If you find a retraction that’s not in our database, you can let us know here. For comments or feedback, email us at team@retractionwatch.com.
in Retraction watch on 2026-02-12 21:10:16 UTC.
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An intrepid team of scientists has created “Smart Underwear” to measure human flatulence in a bid to better understand our farts
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 19:45:00 UTC.
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The EPA has scrapped a rule stating that climate change harms human health. Here’s what that could mean
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 19:38:00 UTC.
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Four worlds around a small, dim star are challenging theories of planet formation
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 19:05:00 UTC.
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Pachyderm whiskers are more flexible at the tip than the base, allowing elephants to complete delicate tasks with their incredibly strong trunks
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 19:00:00 UTC.
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A “disappearing” star in the Andromeda galaxy is the closest and best candidate for a newborn black hole that astronomers have ever seen
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 19:00:00 UTC.
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in Science News: Health & Medicine on 2026-02-12 17:00:00 UTC.
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From Schenectady, N.Y., to the University of Cambridge, Katharine Burr Blodgett’s brilliance impressed the world’s leading physicists
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 16:00:00 UTC.
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The Trump administration rescinded the 2009 “endangerment finding,” ending regulation of greenhouse gases from cars and trucks
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 15:15:00 UTC.
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in Women in Neuroscience UK on 2026-02-12 15:03:22 UTC.
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A scandal involving allegedly enlarged ski suits ahead of this year’s Winter Olympics has highlighted the intriguing physics behind ski jumps
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 15:00:00 UTC.
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Speech blurs together unless you know the language; scientists found the brain signal that separates the words
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 11:45:00 UTC.
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Three species of Red Sea fish appear to rely on special “hybrid” retina cells to see in dim environments
in Scientific American on 2026-02-12 10:00:00 UTC.
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The U.S. government recently announced a record $6.8 billion in False Claims Act settlements and judgments in 2025, the most in a single year since the law’s enactment 163 years ago. For those concerned with scientific integrity, another significant FCA record was also set in 2025: the number of suits brought under the FCA by private individuals against entities they believe defrauded the federal government.
Successful qui tam suits brought under the FCA can come with incentivizing monetary rewards – sometimes substantial – for the whistleblowers. Whistleblowers filed a record 1,297 of these so-called qui tam lawsuits in 2025, up from 979 suits in 2024.
Despite the FCA’s banner year, legal experts say a pending challenge may weaken the law’s whistleblower power and impact. A Florida district court recently struck down the FCA’s qui tam provisions as unconstitutional because these suits involve individuals suing on behalf of the government. If an appeals court upholds the decision, some whistleblowers in that court’s jurisdiction may no longer get paid for exposing wrongdoing, a change that could allow more fraud to slip under the radar, legal analysts say.
While the qui tam provisions are most commonly used in health fraud cases, whistleblowers have also used the mechanism to expose scientific misconduct and grant fraud. In December, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute agreed to pay $15 million to settle claims it misrepresented data in National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications, and in January 2025, Athira Pharma agreed to pay $4 million for manipulating data in federal grant applications.
Over the last decade, plaintiffs have also been successful in cases involving Columbia, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Duke University.
“If the qui tam provisions get overturned, it puts a shield back over the insiders,” J. Michael Slocum, a Virginia-based attorney who specializes in grants, clinical and research contracts, and research ethics, told us. “They have no real incentive, other than good science, to come forward and be the spear point to break the veil.”
The FCA has faced legal challenges over the years, but courts have upheld the constitutionality of the measure. That is, until September 2024, when Judge Kathryn Kimball Mizelle of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida overturned the FCA’s qui tam provisions in Zafirov v. Florida Medical Associates, LLC.
In Zafirov, a whistleblower, known in these cases as the “relator,” sued Florida Medical Associates and other providers, claiming they misrepresented patients’ medical conditions to inflate Medicare reimbursements. In qui tam cases, the Department of Justice can decide to join the suit and whistleblowers receive 15 to 25 percent of proceeds if the case is successful. If the government declines to intervene, whistleblowers can continue the suit on their own and retain 25 to 30 percent of proceeds if they succeed. In the Duke case, which settled for $112.5 million, former lab technician Joseph Thomas brought suit and received $33.8 million.
The government declined to intervene in the Zafirov case, which Mizelle dismissed. She ruled the FCA’s whistleblower provisions defy the Constitution by allowing “unaccountable, unsworn, private actors to exercise core executive power with substantial consequences to members of the public.”
Zafirov appealed to the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which heard oral arguments on December 12.
Attorneys for both the government and for Zafirov argued for keeping the provisions intact. The government contends that every other court that has addressed the constitutionality of the FCA’s qui tam provisions has upheld them, and the 11th Circuit “should join that consensus and reverse the district court’s outlier ruling,” according to its appeals brief. Past case law makes clear that relators do not exercise executive power when they sue under the act, the government argued.
“Rather, [relators] are pursuing a private interest in the money they will obtain if their suit prevails,” the government said. “As private litigants pursuing private interests, relators are not enforcing federal law in a manner inconsistent with the Vesting and Take Care Clauses and need not be appointed in the manner required by the Appointments Clause.”
Attorneys for Zafirov similarly argued the district court’s decision conflicts with unanimous precedent, and that qui tam plaintiffs are “private parties pursuing partially assigned claims, not government officers wielding executive power,” according to the plaintiff’s court brief.
The defendants countered that the FCA violates Article II of the Constitution by authorizing private parties to bring suit on behalf of the United States. That article appoints “officers” of the United States, defined as those who occupy a continuing position established by law and exercise “significant authority pursuant to the laws of the United States.”
“Private parties acting as relators may initiate enforcement actions in the government’s name, conduct those actions as they wish, seek trouble damages and statutory penalties, and bind the government through judgments,” Kannon Shanmugam, an attorney for the defendants, said during the December 12 oral arguments. “There can be no doubt that relators exercise significant executive authority in each of those respects, and yet they are not properly controlled by, appointed by, or accountable to the executive branch.”
If the qui tam provisions are overturned by the 11th Circuit, the outcome would impact a relator’s ability to file a lawsuit on behalf of the United States and collect the relator’s share of damages in the court’s jurisdiction, which includes Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, said Paul Thaler, a Washington, D.C.-based attorney who represents scientists and institutions in research misconduct matters. However, the change wouldn’t affect a relator’s ability to share information with the federal government, act as a witness in an investigation or share their allegations publicly, said Thaler, a partner at Cohen Seglias.
“Without the monetary incentive, however, relators may have less of a reason to come forward and will likely have fewer options to be represented by attorneys without hourly fees [as] most qui tam attorneys work on a contingency basis,” he told us.
According to Renée Brooker, a Washington, D.C.-based whistleblower attorney with Tycko & Zavareei LLP who specializes in FCA cases, a ruling by the 11th Circuit against the qui tam provisions would only affect cases where the government does not intervene in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. In cases in which the government joins the suit, whistleblowers could still recover proceeds if the case is successful.
“The result will be rampant and unaddressed fraud” in the healthcare industry in the affected states, she said.
Insiders are particularly helpful in research misconduct cases, added Eva Gunasekera, a whistleblower attorney at Tycko & Zavareei and former senior counsel for healthcare fraud at the DOJ. Unlike health fraud, where government officials may open investigations based on data trends they’ve discovered, they’re not likely to spot falsified research without help.
“With research integrity, there would be nothing identifiable, unless the FDA or NIH happened to question something they received in response to a grant application,” she told us. “Most companies are pretty good about making sure their government submissions are all buttoned up. You’d have to literally pull the curtain back, Oz style.”
Removing the qui tam provisions would essentially “blow up” the FCA in “a very harmful way,” Brooker said. She called the qui tam challenge “inconvenient, distracting and an enormous waste of the government’s time.”
“I don’t see anybody in this administration, and certainly not any prior administration, that wants to destroy the False Claims Act and the power of whistleblowing,” she said.
The FCA helps control and focus enforcement efforts where there may be fraud based on information brought to the government’s attention, Brooker said.
“We don’t want to be in a position where the government is serving subpoenas, or what’s known as ‘civil investigative demands,’ on anybody,” she told us. “We don’t want to encourage the government to open an investigation when they have no other reason and no inside information.”
Thaler noted research misconduct claims are most often pursued under Public Health Service (PHS) and National Science Foundation (NSF) federal regulations, and not the FCA. The FCA mechanism is more frequently used when bringing lawsuits against institutions regarding allegations of widespread failure to follow PHS or NSF guidelines for which the institutions sign assurances of compliance, he said.
Thaler noted research misconduct matters brought under the PHS and NSF regulations do not have a monetary incentive to report, yet those matters have “not suffered from a lack of complaints.”
Slocum said the final decision about the FCA will come from the U.S. Supreme Court. Some justices have posed questions about the provisions in recent cases, suggesting a need for reexamination.
In a dissenting opinion in Polansky v. Executive Health Resources, Inc., Justice Clarence Thomas wrote the FCA’s qui tam provisions have “long inhabited something of a constitutional twilight zone” that is “inconsistent with Article II and that private relators may not represent the interests of the United States in litigation.” In her ruling, Mizelle, who clerked for Thomas, referenced that dissent.
Justices Amy Coney Barrett and Brett Kavanaugh agreed with Thomas in Polansky, with Kavanaugh writing the court should consider the constitutionality issue in a future case.
“In one direction or the other, it’ll end up at the Supreme Court,” said Slocum, a senior member of the law firm Slocum & Boddie in Alexandria, Virginia. “Until this Supreme Court, I don’t think any challenge against the FCA would have made it very far. This was such a settled area of the law until the last 10 years or so.”
However, Brooker said she does not see the case reaching the Supreme Court just yet. If the 11th Circuit rejects the qui tam provisions, the court will be an outlier among other circuits. In January 2026 for instance, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit upheld the FCA’s constitutionality, denying arguments to reconsider its precedent, and in June, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit also reaffirmed the statute.
“It’s not the norm for the Supreme Court to take up a circuit split where there’s only one circuit that’s an outlier,” she said. “The Supreme Court has bigger fish to fry.”
Like Retraction Watch? You can make a tax-deductible contribution to support our work, follow us on X or Bluesky, like us on Facebook, follow us on LinkedIn, add us to your RSS reader, or subscribe to our daily digest. If you find a retraction that’s not in our database, you can let us know here. For comments or feedback, email us at team@retractionwatch.com.
in Retraction watch on 2026-02-11 21:26:36 UTC.
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Maize farmers in Peru’s Chincha Valley were fertilizing their crops with seabird poop as early as the year 1250
in Scientific American on 2026-02-11 19:00:00 UTC.
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BlueBird 6 features the biggest commercial communications array antenna ever deployed in orbit around Earth, spanning some 2,400 square feet
in Scientific American on 2026-02-11 18:40:00 UTC.
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A new study finds a variety of hair extensions—from natural to synthetic—contain chemicals associated with cancer, birth defects and reproductive issues
in Scientific American on 2026-02-11 18:30:00 UTC.
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There’s more to Winter Olympians’ diets than calories—but for some, there are also lots and lots of calories
in Scientific American on 2026-02-11 17:00:00 UTC.
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The U.S.’s drug safety agency declined to review a next-gen flu vaccine that uses the same tech as the coronavirus shots
in Scientific American on 2026-02-11 15:45:00 UTC.
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in Women in Neuroscience UK on 2026-02-11 15:00:30 UTC.
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A new tool expands the ways people can prove they’ve solved a problem without revealing the solution
in Scientific American on 2026-02-11 11:45:00 UTC.
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How a Russian dialect coach helped Heated Rivalry star Connor Storrie master challenging Russian sounds and build a believable accent
in Scientific American on 2026-02-11 11:00:00 UTC.
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in The Transmitter on 2026-02-11 05:00:53 UTC.
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in The Transmitter on 2026-02-11 05:00:10 UTC.
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The American Medical Association is launching an effort to evaluate vaccine safety and effectiveness independently of U.S. government health agencies
in Scientific American on 2026-02-10 21:20:00 UTC.